Conditional Sentences - If - Clauses Type I , II and III

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

A. Conditional Sentence Type 1:
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: If + Simple Present >>> Future (= will + bare infinitive)
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Exercise :
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type I ) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. If you (send) …………………….this letter now, she (receive)………………………………… . it tomorrow .

Answer : send / will receive
2. If I (do)……………………… this test, I (improve ) ………………………………. my English.

Answer : do / will improve
3. Peggy (go ) …………………………… shopping if she (have) …………………………. time in the afternoon.

Answer : will go / has
4. Simon (go) ……………………………. to London next week if he (get ) ……………………… a cheap flight.

Answer : will go / gets
5. If they (study / not ) ………………………..harder, they (pass / not ) …………………………… the exam.

Answer : don’t study / will not pass
6. If it (rain ) ……………………. tomorrow, I (have to / not ) ………………………………water the plants.

Answer : rains / will not have to

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

B. Conditional Sentence Type 2 :
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past >>> Conditional (= would + bare infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Exercise :
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type II ) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1.If I ( be ) ……………………… rich, my life ( change ) ……………………… completely.

Answer : were / would change
2.I ( invite ) …………………………..all my friends if ( have ) ……………………….. a house by the beach.

Answer : would invite / had
3.If we (have) …………………… a yacht, we (sail) ………………………… the seven seas.

Answer : had / would sail
4.If they (tell) ………………………… their father, he (be) ………………………very angry.

Answer : told / would be
5.We (help ) ………………………… you if we (know ) …………………………..how.

Answer : would help / knew
6.My brother (buy ) ………………………….a sports car if he (have ) ……………………the money.

Answer : would buy / had

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

C. Conditional Sentence Type 3 :
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Exercise :
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type III ) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. If you (study ) ………………………… for the test, you (pass ) ……………………………it.

Answer : had studied / would have passed
2. If you (ask ) …………………………me, I (help ) ……………………………………you.

Answer : had asked / would have helped
3. If you (speak ) …………………………… English, she (understand) ……………………… ………………… .

Answer : had spoken / would have understood
4. I (write ) …………………………………………….you a postcard if I (have ) …………………………….. your address.

Answer : would have written / had had
5. If it (not/ start ) …………………………… to rain, we (walk ) ………………………………..to the museum.

Answer : hadn’t started / would have walked
6. If she (take ) …………………………. the bus, she (not / arrive ) ……………………………… ……………… on time.

Answer : had taken / wouldn’t have arrived

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

 

A conditional sentence describes a condition that is necessary for a particular outcome to occur.
The conjunctions if, even if, when, whenever, whether, and unless often appear in conditional
sentences. The meaning of a conditional sentence determines which verb tenses need to be used
in the independent and subordinate clauses.

There are several types of conditionals:

1. Zero Conditional:

Used to express a general or habitual fact.
In this case, the present
simple tense is used in both clauses.

– General fact: If I touch an ice cube, it feels cold.
– Habitual fact: Whenever I touch an ice cube, it feels cold.

2. First Conditional:

Used to make predictions about the future or to express future
intentions or possibilities. In this case, the verb in the subordinate clause is in the
present tense, and the main verb in the independent clause is preceded by “will” or
another modal verb (might, should, may, etc.).

– Intention: If I win the lottery, I will go to Paris.
– Possibility: If I win the lottery, I might go to Paris.

3. Second Conditional:

Used to speculate about the future result of a possible, yet
unlikely, present condition. In this case, the verb in the subordinate clause is in simple
past tense, and the main verb in the independent clause is preceded by the modal would,
could, or might.

– Speculation: If I won the lottery, I would go to Paris.
The Past Subjunctive can also be used to speculate about the future result of a condition
that is not true in the present. In this case, the simple past-tense verb “were” is used in the
subordinate clause, and the main verb in the independent clause is preceded by the modal
would, could, or might.
– Speculation: If I were Prime Minister, I would do a great job.
– Speculation: If I were going to Paris, I would bring my passport.

4. Third Conditional:

Used to speculate about the past result of a condition that did
not happen in the past. In this case, the verb in the subordinate clause is in past perfect
tense; the main verb in the independent clause is a past participle, preceded by the modal
would have, could have, or might have.

– Speculation: If I had won the lottery, I would have gone to Paris.

5. Conditionals that use inversion:

It is also possible to express the conditional without
using the word if by simply reversing the order of the subject and the verb in the
subordinate clause and omitting if. This gives the conditional sentence a more formal tone
and as a result tends to be used more often in writing.

– Conditional using if: If I had won the lottery, I would have gone to Paris.
– Inverted conditional: Had I won the lottery, I would have gone to Paris.

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

Practice Exercises:
Complete each sentence below by giving the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. Whenever my roommate _______________ (snore) loudly, I cannot sleep.

Cevap : Whenever my roommate snores loudly, I cannot sleep.
2. Students may be disappointed if they _________________ (not receive) good grades.

Cevap : Students may be disappointed if they do not receive good grades.
3. If we ____________ (not take) an exam on the conditional, we might not have learned it.

Cevap : If we had not taken an exam on the conditional, we might not have learned it.
4. Maya _____________ (not pass) her driving test unless she calms down.

Cevap : Maya will not pass her driving test unless she calms down.
5. If it _____________ (be) winter, all these trees would be covered in snow.

Cevap : If it were winter, all these trees would be covered in snow.
6. Had it not rained, the farmers ________________ (lose) all of their crops.

Cevap : Had it not rained, the farmers would have lost all of their crops.
7. If the airplane hadn’t had a mechanical problem, we probably ______________ (arrive)
in Winnipeg by now.

Cevap : If the airplane had not had a mechanical problem, we probably would have arrived in
Winnipeg by now.
8. We ____________ (relax) on the beach in Mexico right now if we had been able to get
our visas on time.

Cevap : We would be relaxing on the beach in Mexico right now, if we had been able to get our
visas on time.
9. I ________________ (try) to find more opportunities to write in English if I were you.

Cevap : I would try to find more opportunities to write in English if I were you.

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

Conditional exercise ( first / second / third conditionals )

1. ( First conditional ) If we ————– ( not / work ) harder, we
————– ( not pass ) the exam.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If we don’t work harder, we won’t pass the exam.
2. ( Third conditional ) If the students ————– ( not be ) late for the exam,
they ————– ( pass ) .

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If the students hadn’t been late for the exam, they would have
passed.
3. ( Third conditional ) If the weather ————– ( not be ) so cold, we
————– ( go ) to the beach.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If the weather hadn’t been so cold, we would have gone to the
beach.
4. ( Second conditional ) If she ————– ( have ) her laptop with her, she
————– ( email ) me.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If she had her laptop with her, she would email me.
5. ( First conditional ) If she ————– ( not go ) to the meeting, I
————– ( not go ) either.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If she doesn’t go to the meeting, I won’t go either.
6. ( Third conditional ) If the baby ————– ( sleep ) better last night, I
————– ( not be ) so tired.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If the baby had slept better last night, I wouldn’t have been so
tired.
7. ( First conditional ) If the teacher ————– ( give ) us lots of homework
this weekend, I ————– ( not be ) happy.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If the teacher gives us lots of homework this weekend, I won’t be
happy.
8. ( Second conditional ) If Lucy ————– ( have ) enough time, she
————– ( travel ) more.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If Lucy had enough time, she would travel more.
9. ( First conditional ) If the children ————– ( not eat ) soon, they
————– ( be ) grumpy.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If the children don’t eat soon, they’ll be grumpy.
10. ( First conditional ) If I ————– ( not go ) to bed soon, I
————– ( be ) tired in the morning.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If I don’t go to bed soon, I’ll be tired in the morning.
11. ( Second conditional ) If I ————– ( want ) a new car, I

————– ( buy ) one.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If I wanted a new car, I would buy one.
12. ( Second conditional ) If José ————– ( not speak ) good French, he
————– ( not move ) to Paris.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If José didn’t speak good French, he wouldn’t move to Paris.
13. ( First conditional ) If John ————– ( drink ) too much coffee, he
————– ( get ) ill.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If John drinks too much coffee, he’ll get ill.
14. ( Third conditional ) If we ————– ( tidy ) our flat, we
————– ( not lose ) our keys.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If we had tidied our flat, we wouldn’t have lost our keys.
15. ( Third conditional ) If Luke ————– ( not send ) flowers to his mother,
she ————– ( not be ) happy.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If Luke hadn’t sent flowers to his mother, she wouldn’t have
been happy.

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III
16. ( Second conditional ) If the children ————– ( be ) in bed, I
————– ( be able to ) have a bath.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If the children were in bed, I would be able to have a bath.
17. ( Second conditional ) If you ————– ( not be ) so stubborn, we
————– ( not have ) so many arguments!

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If you weren’t so stubborn, we wouldn’t have so many
arguments!
18. ( Third conditional ) If Julie ————– ( not go ) to Sweden, she
————– ( go ) to Germany.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If Julie hadn’t gone to Sweden, she would have gone to
Germany.
19. ( First conditional ) If she ————– ( go ) to the library, she
————– ( study ) more.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If she goes to the library, she’ll study more.
20. ( Third conditional ) If we ————– ( not have ) an argument, we
————– ( not be ) late

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If we hadn’t had an argument, we wouldn’t have been late.
21. ( Second conditional ) If you ————– ( arrive ) early, it
————– ( be ) less stressful.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If you arrived early, it would be less stressful.
22. ( Third conditional ) If I ————– ( not go ) to the party, I
————– ( not meet ) Amanda.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If I hadn’t gone to the party, I wouldn’t have met Amanda.
23. ( Second conditional ) If Julie ————– ( like ) chocolate, I
————– ( give ) her some.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If Julie liked chocolate, I would give her some.
24. ( Second conditional ) If Luke ————– ( live ) in the UK, I
————– ( see ) him more often.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If Luke lived in the UK, I would see him more often.
25. ( Third conditional ) If the children ————– ( not eat ) all that chocolate,
they ————– ( feel ) sick.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If the children hadn’t eaten all that chocolate, they wouldn’t
have felt sick.
26. ( First conditional ) If they ————– ( not / arrive ) soon, we
————– ( be ) late.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If they don’t arrive soon, we’ll be late.
27. ( Third conditional ) If she ————– ( study ) Mandarin, she
————– ( go ) to Beijing.

Answer : ( Third conditional ) If she had studied Mandarin, she would have gone to Beijing.
28. ( Second conditional ) If we ————– ( not be ) so tired, we
————– ( go ) out.

Answer : ( Second conditional ) If we weren’t so tired, we would go out.
29. ( First conditional ) If you ————– ( buy ) the present, I
————– ( wrap ) it up.

Answer : ( First conditional ) If you buy the present, I’ll wrap it up.
30. ( First conditional ) If Lucy ————– ( not quit ) her job soon, she
————– ( go ) crazy

Answer : ( First conditional ) If Lucy doesn’t quit her job soon, she’ll go crazy.

Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III

ZERO CONDITIONAL with: ‘IF’/‘WHEN’ + PRESENT SIMPLE

“if” / “when” clause main clause
If/When it rains, the grass grows.
main clause “if” / “when” clause
The grass grows if/when it rains.
The zero conditional is used to talk about things that are always, or generally, true; it is also used to talk about scientific facts.

Match the clauses below.

1. If I am late for class, (A) if they don’t eat.
2. When he stays up very late, (B) I always look left and right.
3. People get hungry (C) my teacher gets angry.
4. If you study hard, (D) when he is happy.
5. When she watches a movie, (E) I take a taxi to work.
6. When I cross the street, (F) he is very tired the next morning.
7. I can’t do my homework, (G) the librarian gets angry.
8. He always smiles (H) if you want to lose weight.
9. If I miss the bus, (I) she likes to eat popcorn.
10. When you make lots of noise, (J) when it rains.
11. Tea tastes sweet (K) I watch a funny movie.
12. You should eat less (L) he listens to music.
13. I always take my umbrella (M) you get good grades in school.
14. When I’m sad, (N) if you add some sugar.
15. When he cleans the house, (O) if I don’t have my glasses.

Answers

1. If I am late for class,

Answer :  (C) my teacher gets angry.
2. When he stays up very late,

Answer : (F) he is very tired the next morning.
3. People get hungry

Answer : (A) if they don’t eat.
4. If you study hard,

Answer : (M) you get good grades in school.
5. When she watches a movie,

Answer : (I) she likes to eat popcorn.
6. When I cross the street,

Answer : (B) I always look left and right.
7. I can’t do my homework,

Answer : (O) if I don’t have my glasses.
8. He always smiles

Answer : (D) when he is happy.
9. If I miss the bus,

Answer : (E) I take a taxi to work.
10. When you make lots of noise

Answer : (G) the librarian gets angry.
11. Tea tastes sweet

Answer : (N) if you add some sugar.
12. You should eat less

Answer : (H) if you want to lose weight.
13. I always take my umbrella

Answer : (J) when it rains.
14. When I’m sad,

Answer : (K) I watch a funny movie.
15. When he cleans the house,

Answer : (L) he listens to music.
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